oftalmólogos Marbella
oftalmólogos Marbella

Retinitis Pigmentosa

retinosis pigmentaria
 

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that affect the retina, the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye.

 

These diseases cause progressive deterioration of the photoreceptor cells, which are responsible for converting light into signals that the brain interprets as images. This damage leads to a gradual loss of vision, usually starting with night and peripheral vision.

 
 

 
 

visión periférica

Symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa often appear gradually and may include:

 

  • Night blindness: Difficulty adapting to darkness or dim light.
  • Loss of peripheral vision: Reduction of the visual field, creating a sensation of “tunnel vision”.
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia).
  • Difficulty in differentiating colours in advanced stages.
  • In severe cases, loss of central vision, impairing activities such as reading or identifying faces.

factores riesgo ojos

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disease, which means that its risk factors are related to family inheritance. Among the most relevant factors, we find the following:

 

  • Family history: Having a direct relative with the disease significantly increases the risk of developing it.
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  • Genetic mutations: It is associated with several mutations in genes related to the function of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium.
    The inheritance pattern may be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked, which affects the probability of transmission.

cirugía ocular

 
Although there is no cure at present, various strategies can delay disease progression and improve quality of life:

 

  • Vitamin therapies: Supplements such as vitamin A and antioxidants may help slow the damage in certain cases. These should be prescribed by an ophthalmologist after a proper diagnosis, thus ensuring a personalised and safe treatment.
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  • Visual rehabilitation: Use of optical and electronic devices to maximise the use of residual vision.
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  • Genetic therapies: Currently under development. Some of them, targeted at specific mutations, have shown promising results.
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  • Experimental therapies: Retinal implants and stem cell therapies are being evaluated as future alternatives.

 

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