mental health
mental health

Alcohol y drugs

alcohólico
 

The WHO defines drugs as any substance that, when introduced into a living organism, can modify one or more of its functions, and is capable of generating a dependence characterised by the urge to take the substance continuously or periodically, in order to secure its effects and, sometimes, to avoid the discomfort of not using it.

 
 

 
 

drogas

Depending on the effect they have on our organism, we can distinguish the following types of drugs:

 
 

Depressants

They decelerate the functioning of the nervous system. They cause relaxation, sedation, drowsiness, impaired coordination, etc. The most common drugs in this group are alcohol, sedatives, tranquillisers, solvents, etc.

Stimulants

They accelerate the functioning of the nervous system, inducing euphoria and a state of intense activation. They also cause tachycardia, insomnia, reduced feelings of hunger and tiredness. These include amphetamines, speed, cocaine, nicotine, etc.

 

Psychedelic drugs

They seriously alter the perception of the senses, leading to strong hallucinations and very intense experiences known as ‘trips’. This group includes LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, etc.

 

Empathogens

These are substances that induce emotional experiences characterised by empathy, happiness, psychedelia. MDMA (Ecstasy), methylone, mephedrone or 6-APB are of this type.

 

Dissociative drugs

Their primary function is to be used as an anaesthetic. They produce a distortion of perceptions, leading to a feeling of isolation or dissociation from the environment or one’s own body. Nevertheless, the effects can vary considerably depending on the substance and the person. Examples of this group are ketamine, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), methoxetamine or PCP.

 

Opioids

Also known as narcotics. They produce analgesia, euphoria and well-being, and are highly addictive. These include heroin, methadone, morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, tramadol, etc.

 

Cannabinoids

Substances derived from the Cannabis sativa plant. They produce, among other effects, drowsiness, relaxation, lethargy, mental slowness and difficulty in coordination. This group includes cannabis, hashish, THC, CBC, etc.

 
 

Cocaine

 

  • Generates dependence
  • Rhinitis, cough, bronchitis, nasal septum perforation
  • Circulatory problems

 

Alcohol

 

  • Causes psychological and physical dependence.
  • Slows down senses and reflexes, causing accidents.
  • Causes serious liver, brain and stomach diseases.

 

Tobacco

 

  • Main risk factor for lung cancer
  • Other lung diseases
  • Cough
  • Stomach acidity

 

Cannabis

 

  • Same effects as tobacco
  • Difficulty concentrating and learning
  • Apathy and demotivation

 

Synthetic drugs

 

  • Accelerated heart rate
  • Liver and kidney problems
  • Excessive temperature and sweating, which can lead to dehydration

 

Heroin

 

  • Severe physical and mental deterioration
  • Diseases related to the use of injected drugs: HIV, hepatitis, damage to the circulatory system.
  • Death due to overdose

 

Hallucinogens (LSD)

 

  • Loss of contact with reality
  • May aggravate or precipitate certain psychiatric disorders in vulnerable people

cocaine

tobacco

 

drugs

Adolescence

The use of these substances during adolescence is even more harmful, as the nervous system is still developing and the person has not yet reached either physical or mental maturity. This use can affect brain maturation, interfere with cognitive and emotional development, and increase the propensity for risky behaviour. In the long term it can be associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.

 

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